Santa Casa 2023: Inglês

Leia o texto para responder às questões de 11 a 16.

People who have never outgrown an aversion to broccoli, or an addiction to potato chips, can place part of the blame on their genes, preliminary research suggests. The study, of over 6,200 adults, turned up correlations between certain taste-related genes and people’s preferences for particular food groups. Those whose genes made them sensitive to bitter flavors, for example, tended to eat fewer whole grains. Meanwhile, people with a particularly acute ability to sense savory flavors were less likely to eat their veggies. Still, none of that means genes determine your food preferences, experts said.

Diet is complicated, and influenced by everything from culture to economics, said researcher Julie Gervis, a doctoral candidate at Tufts University. But, she said, the findings do highlight the role of taste-related genes in food choices. People often don’t know why they struggle with eating things they know are good for them, like green vegetables, Gervis noted. Understanding the influence of genes can shed some light on the matter.

Eventually, Gervis said, dietitians may be able to use genetic information to give people more precise diet counseling. “We’re moving away from general nutrition advice to a more personalized approach,” Gervis said. But, she added, any real-world use of genetic analysis is still a long way off. Gervis will present the findings at the annual meeting of the American Society for Nutrition. Studies released at meetings are considered preliminary until they are published in a peer-reviewed journal.

(Amy Norton. www.usnews.com, 14.06.2022. Adaptado.)

11. (Santa Casa) The main purpose of the text is to

1. help people understand the impact of food choices on life expectancy.
2. inform readers that genetics could determine what foods we choose.
3. expose the lack of research and innovations in nutritional genetics.
4. highlight that our food preferences are determinant to our health.
5. describe how researchers identified the associations between genes and food groups.

12. (Santa Casa) In the excerpt from the first paragraph “Those whose genes made them sensitive”, the underlined word refers to

1. “people’s preferences”.
2. “taste-related genes”.
3. “adults”.
4. “correlations”.
5. “food groups”.

13. (Santa Casa) A expressão “less likely”, no trecho do primeiro parágrafo “people with a particularly acute ability to sense savory flavors were less likely to eat their veggies”, pode ser entendida como:

1. menos esforçadas.
2. menos capazes.
3. menos propensas.
4. menos exigentes.
5. menos restritivas.

14. (Santa Casa) O termo “still”, no trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Still, none of that means genes determine your food preferences”, é empregado com o mesmo sentido em:

1. I don’t really like weddings. Still, I’ll have to go or they’ll be offended.
2. She bought a car two months ago and she still hasn’t taken any driving lessons.
3. Keep your head still.
4. Still waters run deep.
5. It was a still, calm evening.

15. (Santa Casa) In the excerpt from the second paragraph “People often don’t know why they struggle”, the underlined word expresses

1. emphasis.
2. uncertainty.
3. denial.
4. inability.
5. frequency

16. (Santa Casa) The ideas from the excerpt “‘We’re moving away from general nutrition advice to a more personalized approach’” (3rd paragraph) indicate a

1. logical consequence.
2. presupposition.
3. paradox.
4. paradigm shift.
5. moral responsibility.

17. (Santa Casa) The expression “easy does it” was used to tell teenagers that it’s important to

1. rely on the future.
2. slow down their actions.
3. run after their dreams.
4. keep up with the pace.
5. be truthful to themselves.

18. (Santa Casa) The campaign poster was mainly designed to

1. raise awareness about social media addiction.
2. share entertaining content about social media.
3. bring awareness to body image issues.
4. encourage people to seek social media validation.
5. highlight the benefits of confidence and high self-esteem.